DBMS > 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RDF4J vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RDF4J vs. RRDtool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Industry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database.

The data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

RDF store

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	1.87
Rank	#136	Overall
	#11	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

rdf4j.org

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

rdf4j.org/documentation

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/doc

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

Oracle

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Tobias Oetiker

Initial release

1984

2011

2004

1999

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.23, February 2021

23.3, December 2023

1.8.0, 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

GPL V2 and FLOSS

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Implementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

HP-UX
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

yes

Numeric data only

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Exporting into and restoring from XML files possible

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

in-process shared library
Pipes

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java
PHP
Python

with librrd library
C#

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Java

with a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js)

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP

with a wrapper library
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

by using the rrdcached daemon

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

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