DBMS > 4D vs. LevelDB vs. OpenMLDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. LevelDB vs. OpenMLDB vs. TimesTen

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

An open-source machine learning database that provides a feature platform for training and inference

An in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.33
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#339	Overall
	#30	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.26
Rank	#164	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb

openmldb.ai

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

openmldb.ai/docs/zh/main

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/timesten/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

4 Paradigm Inc.

Oracle

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

2011

2020

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.23, February 2021

2024-2 February 2024

Release 22.1

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C++, Java, Scala

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

IBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Fixed schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
SQLAlchemy

ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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