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DBMS > 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Linter vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Linter vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonLinter  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesRDBMS for high security requirementsA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.09
Rank#346  Overall
#152  Relational DBMS
Score1.83
Rank#139  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldblinter.ruwww.tigergraph.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncGooglerelex.ru8Kdata
Initial release19842011199020172016
Current releasev20, April 20231.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C and C++C++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
Android
BSD
HP Open VMS
iOS
Linux
OS X
VxWorks
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
LINQ
ODBC
OLE DB
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Ruby
Tcl
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoproprietary syntax with the possibility to convert from PL/SQLyes
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionLevelDBLinterTigerGraphToroDB
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