DBMS > 4D vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.50
Rank	#257	Overall
	#119	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

www.kingbase.com.cn

github.com/google/leveldb

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

Developer

4D, Inc

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Google

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

1999

2011

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

V8.0, August 2021

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

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