DBMS > 4D vs. Kingbase vs. LMDB vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Kingbase vs. LMDB vs. RRDtool

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Industry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database.

The data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.44
Rank	#258	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	1.94
Rank	#120	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores

Score	1.70
Rank	#136	Overall
	#11	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.kingbase.com.cn

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.lmdb.tech/doc

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/doc

Developer

4D, Inc

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Symas

Tobias Oetiker

Initial release

1984

1999

2011

1999

Current release

v20, April 2023

V8.0, August 2021

0.9.32, January 2024

1.8.0, 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPL V2 and FLOSS

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Java

Implementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

HP-UX
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Exporting into and restoring from XML files possible

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

in-process shared library
Pipes

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

with librrd library
C#

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Java

with a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js)

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP

with a wrapper library
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

by using the rrdcached daemon

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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