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DBMS > 4D vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TiDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHigh performance Time Series DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comkx.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpingcap.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
Developer4D, IncKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release19842000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200320192016
Current releasev20, April 20233.6, May 2018cloud service with continuous releases8.1.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageqGo, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'all fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (q)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesyes infowith viewsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsrights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiDB
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiDB
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