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DBMS > 4D vs. dBASE vs. Ingres vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. dBASE vs. Ingres vs. TigerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisondBASE  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemdBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.Well established RDBMSA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score10.34
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score1.83
Rank#139  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.dbase.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebasedocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncAsthon TateActian Corporation
Initial release198419791974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2017
Current releasev20, April 2023dBASE 2019, 201911.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
DOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
none infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources..NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
dBase proprietary IDEC++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesno infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.yesyes
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneIngres Replicator
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensiondBASEIngresTigerGraph
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