DBMS > 4D vs. dBASE vs. Ingres vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. dBASE vs. Ingres vs. TempoIQ

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

Well established RDBMS

Scalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	10.34
Rank	#44	Overall
	#28	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.dbase.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

tempoiq.com (offline)

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

docs.actian.com/ingres

Developer

4D, Inc

Asthon Tate

Actian Corporation

TempoIQ

Initial release

1984

1979

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2012

Current release

v20, April 2023

dBASE 2019, 2019

11.2, May 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

dBase proprietary IDE

C#
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

yes

Triggers

yes

Realtime Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Ingres Replicator

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

simple authentication-based access control

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More resources

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