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DBMS > 4D vs. Ingres vs. Tarantool vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Ingres vs. Tarantool vs. TigerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWell established RDBMSIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applicationsA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#144  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#66  Relational DBMS
Score1.83
Rank#139  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.tarantool.iowww.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.actian.com/­ingreswww.tarantool.io/­en/­docdocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncActian CorporationVK
Initial release19841974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20082017
Current releasev20, April 202311.2, May 20222.10.0, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprisecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC and C++C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Linux
Data schemeyesyesFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columnsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetimeyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesFull-featured ANSI SQL supportSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Open binary protocolGSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesLua, C and SQL stored proceduresyes
Triggersyesyesyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session eventsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationIngres ReplicatorAsynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCasual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactionsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyes, cooperative multitaskingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, write ahead loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistenceno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles
Role-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIngresTarantoolTigerGraph
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