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DBMS > 4D vs. Ingres vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Ingres vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWell established RDBMSBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score0.53
Rank#254  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score44.27
Rank#23  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.postgres-xl.orgwww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.actian.com/­ingreswww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­hana
Developer4D, IncActian CorporationPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAP
Initial release19841974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010
Current releasev20, April 202311.2, May 202210 R1, October 201816.3, May 20242.0 SPS07 (AprilĀ 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCCC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Appliance or cloud-service
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.SQLScript, R
Triggersyesyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyhorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationIngres ReplicatorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoMVCCACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIngresPostgres-XLPostgreSQLSAP HANA
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