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DBMS > 4D vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SiteWhere

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SiteWhere

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSiteWhere  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWell established RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used in-process key-value storeM2M integration platform for persisting/querying time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score0.06
Rank#356  Overall
#35  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlgithub.com/­sitewhere/­sitewhere
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlsitewhere1.sitewhere.io/­index.html
Developer4D, IncActian CorporationMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleSiteWhere
Initial release19841974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201619942010
Current releasev20, April 202311.2, May 202218.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoCommon Public Attribution License Version 1.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freepredefined scheme
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP REST
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
PHP
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesTransact SQLno
Triggersyesyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioningnoneSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationIngres ReplicatoryesSource-replica replicationselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesnoUsers with fine-grained authorization concept

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIngresMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOracle Berkeley DBSiteWhere
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