DBMS > 4D vs. Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Well established RDBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.actian.com/ingres

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Actian Corporation

Google

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

1984

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2011

1998

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

11.2, May 2022

1.23, February 2021

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C++, Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Ingres Replicator

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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