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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. LeanXcale vs. RavenDB vs. Tarantool

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. LeanXcale vs. RavenDB vs. Tarantool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Document storeDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score1.72
Rank#144  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#66  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgwww.leanxcale.comravendb.netwww.tarantool.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlravendb.net/­docswww.tarantool.io/­en/­doc
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaLeanXcaleHibernating RhinosVK
Initial release19842013201520102008
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20225.4, July 20222.10.0, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C#C and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnostring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infothrough Apache DerbySQL-like query language (RQL)Full-featured ANSI SQL support
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Open binary protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
Java
Scala
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesLua, C and SQL stored procedures
Triggersyesnoyesyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorMulti-source replicationAsynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Casual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes, cooperative multitasking
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, write ahead logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaLeanXcaleRavenDBTarantool
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