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DBMS > 4D vs. Immudb vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Immudb vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.In-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query languageA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Document store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmltypedb.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.immudb.iodocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1typedb.com/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncCodenotaryOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005VaticleJuxt Ltd.
Initial release19842020199820162019
Current releasev20, April 20231.2.3, April 202211 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)2.26.3, January 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaClojure
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like syntaxyesnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoPL/SQLnono
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding infoby using Cassandranone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication infoby using Cassandrayes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeperno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno infosubstituted by the relationship featureno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionImmudbTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named GraknXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionImmudbTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named GraknXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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