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DBMS > 4D vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerorientdb.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
Developer4D, IncCodenotaryMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP
Initial release1984202020192010
Current releasev20, April 20231.2.3, April 2022cloud service with continuous releases3.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like syntaxKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, Javascript
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionImmudbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOrientDB
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