DBMS > 4D vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

RDF store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	2.33
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.72
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

github.com/google/leveldb

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.immudb.io

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

4D, Inc

Codenotary

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

1984

2020

2011

2004

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like syntax

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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