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DBMS > 4D vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Milvus vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Milvus vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDistributed, high-performance timeseries database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeVector DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.68
Rank#106  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.14
Rank#332  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantmilvus.iowww.postgresql.orgquasar.ai
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docsdoc.quasar.ai/­master
Developer4D, IncIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerquasardb
Initial release1984201020191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2009
Current releasev20, April 20232.3.4, January 202416.3, May 20243.14.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
  • PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageErlangC++, GoCC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoVector, Numeric and Stringyesyes infointeger and binary
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes infowith tags
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyesyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoconsistent hashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonowith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a document possiblenoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnoyes infoTransient mode
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseRole based access control and fine grained access rightsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIBM CloudantMilvusPostgreSQLQuasardb
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIBM CloudantMilvusPostgreSQLQuasardb
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