DBMS > 4D vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDB

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Widely used in-process key-value store

Primary database model

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.68
Rank	#106	Overall
	#20	Document stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#117	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.ibm.com/products/cloudant

google.github.io/lovefield

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cloud.ibm.com/docs/Cloudant

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

IBM, Apache Software Foundation

IBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014

Google

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Initial release

1984

2010

2014

1994

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Erlang

JavaScript

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby

JavaScript

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a document possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users can be defined per database

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