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DBMS > 4D vs. IBM Cloudant vs. IBM Db2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. IBM Cloudant vs. IBM Db2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDistributed, high-performance timeseries database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score125.90
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#322  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2www.postgresql.orgquasar.ai
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2www.postgresql.org/­docsdoc.quasar.ai/­master
Developer4D, IncIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014IBMPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerquasardb
Initial release198420101983 infohost version1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2009
Current releasev20, April 202312.1, October 201616.3, May 20243.14.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangC and C++CC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes infointeger and binary
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infowith tags
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyesyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux Versionpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoconsistent hashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonowith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a document possibleACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infoTransient mode
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIBM CloudantIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2PostgreSQLQuasardb
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