DBMS > 4D vs. etcd vs. HyperSQL vs. Realm vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. etcd vs. HyperSQL vs. Realm vs. STSdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed reliable key-value store

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	7.60
Rank	#52	Overall
	#9	Document stores

Score	0.04
Rank	#360	Overall
	#52	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

hsqldb.org

realm.io

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

realm.io/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019

STS Soft SC

Initial release

1984

2001

2014

2011

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.4, August 2019

2.7.2, June 2023

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows

Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
Java

with Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift

C#
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java, SQL

runs within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary

Triggers

yes

yes, watching key changes

yes

Change Listeners

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

In-Memory realm

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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