DBMS > 4D vs. HugeGraph vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HugeGraph vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	5.92
Rank	#58	Overall
	#10	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#6	Search engines

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

www.marklogic.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

docs.marklogic.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

4D, Inc

Baidu

MarkLogic Corp.

Microsoft

Initial release

1984

2018

2001

1989

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.9

11.0, December 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Unix

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Groovy
Java
Python

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, with Range Indexes

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users, roles and permissions

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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