DBMS > 4D vs. HugeGraph vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HugeGraph vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

google.github.io/lovefield

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Baidu

Google

Oracle

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

2018

2014

2011

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.9

2.1.12, February 2017

23.3, December 2023

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Unix

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Groovy
Java
Python

JavaScript

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

off heap cache

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users, roles and permissions

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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