DBMS > 4D vs. Hive vs. LevelDB vs. Lovefield

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Hive vs. LevelDB vs. Lovefield

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	59.76
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.33
Rank	#286	Overall
	#131	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

hive.apache.org

github.com/google/leveldb

google.github.io/lovefield

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Google

Initial release

1984

2012

2011

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.1.3, April 2022

1.23, February 2021

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

JavaScript

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Java
PHP
Python

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

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