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DBMS > 4D vs. HarperDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. PostgreSQL vs. VictoriaMetrics

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HarperDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. PostgreSQL vs. VictoriaMetrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVictoriaMetrics  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemUltra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solution
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.23
Rank#172  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.harperdb.iowww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantwww.postgresql.orgvictoriametrics.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.harperdb.io/­docscloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/­VictoriaMetrics/­VictoriaMetrics/­wiki
Developer4D, IncHarperDBIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerVictoriaMetrics
Initial release1984201720101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2018
Current releasev20, April 20233.1, August 202116.3, May 2024v1.91, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree community edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageNode.jsErlangCGo
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON data typesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like data manipulation statementsnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Graphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesCustom Functions infosince release 3.1View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyesnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusterShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsno infoatomic operations within a document possibleACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, using LMDByesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users can be defined per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHarperDBIBM CloudantPostgreSQLVictoriaMetrics
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