DBMS > 4D vs. HBase vs. Milvus vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HBase vs. Milvus vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	2.31
Rank	#113	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Score	1.83
Rank	#139	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Website

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

hbase.apache.org/book.html

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2008

2019

2017

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.3.4, January 2021

2.3.4, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

Java

C++, Go

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

Linux

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

RESTful HTTP API

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Coprocessors in Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more

Competitive advantages

Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more

Typical application scenarios

RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more

Key customers

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more

Market metrics

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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