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DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. Neo4j vs. NuoDB vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. Neo4j vs. NuoDB vs. Realm

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score0.89
Rank#198  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.h2database.comneo4j.comwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databaserealm.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlneo4j.com/­docsdoc.nuodb.comrealm.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerNeo4j, Inc.Dassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019
Initial release19842005200720132014
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 20235.19, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availablecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJava, ScalaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsJava, SQLno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handleryesyes infoChange Listeners
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneyes using Neo4j Fabricdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtennone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infotunable commit protocolACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoTemporary tableyes infoIn-Memory realm
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2Neo4jNuoDBRealm
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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