DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. NSDb vs. ObjectBox vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. NSDb vs. ObjectBox vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes

Lightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors

High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Object oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#40	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#179	Overall
	#6	Object oriented DBMS
	#9	Vector DBMS

Score	2.48
Rank	#108	Overall
	#53	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.h2database.com

nsdb.io

github.com/objectbox
objectbox.io

www.yugabyte.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

nsdb.io/Architecture

docs.objectbox.io

docs.yugabyte.com
github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

ObjectBox Limited

Yugabyte Inc.

Initial release

1984

2005

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

4.0 (May 2024)

2.19, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Bindings are released under Apache 2.0

Apache License 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.

Implementation language

Java

Java, Scala

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS

Android
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

yes

depending on used data model

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes: int, bigint, decimal, string

yes, plus "flex" map-like types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like query language

yes, PostgreSQL compatible

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket

Proprietary native API

JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

Java
Scala

C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

sql, plpgsql, C

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Data sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline

Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Using Apache Lucene

yes

based on RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more

Competitive advantages

PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more

Typical application scenarios

Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more

Market metrics

2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

News

MongoDB Realm & Device Sync alternatives – ObjectBox
17 September 2024

Local AI – what it is and why we need it
11 September 2024

First on-device Vector Database (aka Semantic Index) for iOS
24 July 2024

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) with vector databases: Expanding AI Capabilities
18 June 2024

The on-device Vector Database for Android and Java
29 May 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

YugabyteDB Evolves PostgreSQL to a Distributed Architecture for Modern, Cloud-Native Applications
19 September 2024, Business Wire

YugabyteDB evolves into a distributed PostgreSQL database for apps that need resilience and scale
19 September 2024, SiliconANGLE News

YugabyteDB 2.19 gets new PostgreSQL-compatibility features
19 September 2024, InfoWorld

YugabyteDB Becomes First Distributed SQL Database Vendor to Complete CIS Benchmark
1 February 2024, Datanami

Simplifying cloud-native app development with Yugabyte
2 August 2024, IMDA

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