DBMS > 4D vs. etcd vs. H2 vs. MonetDB vs. ObjectBox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. etcd vs. H2 vs. MonetDB vs. ObjectBox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

Lightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Object oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.05
Rank	#53	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	1.72
Rank	#135	Overall
	#62	Relational DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#179	Overall
	#6	Object oriented DBMS
	#9	Vector DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

www.h2database.com

www.monetdb.org

github.com/objectbox
objectbox.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

docs.objectbox.io

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

MonetDB BV

ObjectBox Limited

Initial release

1984

2005

2004

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.4, August 2019

2.2.220, July 2023

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

4.0 (May 2024)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

Bindings are released under Apache 2.0

Apache License 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

All OS with a Java VM

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Android
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, plus "flex" map-like types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

Java

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes, in SQL, C, R

Triggers

yes

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding via remote tables

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

Data sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

News

MongoDB Realm & Device Sync alternatives – ObjectBox
17 September 2024

Local AI – what it is and why we need it
11 September 2024

First on-device Vector Database (aka Semantic Index) for iOS
24 July 2024

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) with vector databases: Expanding AI Capabilities
18 June 2024

The on-device Vector Database for Android and Java
29 May 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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