DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. ObjectBox vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. ObjectBox vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Lightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

Object oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	4.15
Rank	#70	Overall
	#11	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#8	Search engines

Score	1.08
Rank	#179	Overall
	#6	Object oriented DBMS
	#9	Vector DBMS

Score	1.38
Rank	#156	Overall
	#72	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.h2database.com

www.progress.com/marklogic

github.com/objectbox
objectbox.io

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.progress.com/marklogic/documentation

docs.objectbox.io

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

MarkLogic Corp.

ObjectBox Limited

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

1984

2005

2001

2017

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

11.0, December 2022

4.0 (May 2024)

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

Bindings are released under Apache 2.0

Apache License 2.0

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Java, C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

Android
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, plus "flex" map-like types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL92

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

Proprietary native API

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Data sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, with Range Indexes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

yes

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

More information provided by the system vendor

News

MongoDB Realm & Device Sync alternatives – ObjectBox
17 September 2024

Local AI – what it is and why we need it
11 September 2024

First on-device Vector Database (aka Semantic Index) for iOS
24 July 2024

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) with vector databases: Expanding AI Capabilities
18 June 2024

The on-device Vector Database for Android and Java
29 May 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Conferences, events and webinars

more DBMS events

Progress MarkLogic World
Washington DC, 23-25 September 2024

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