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DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score7.57
Rank#47  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score4.15
Rank#70  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#8  Search engines
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.h2database.comwww.progress.com/­marklogicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerMarkLogic Corp.Microsoft
Initial release1984200520012016
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 202311.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infoSQL92yes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2MarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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