DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. Lovefield vs. ObjectBox vs. Tarantool

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. Lovefield vs. ObjectBox vs. Tarantool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Lightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors

In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Object oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Spatial DBMS

with Tarantool/GIS extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.33
Rank	#286	Overall
	#131	Relational DBMS

Score	1.29
Rank	#166	Overall
	#5	Object oriented DBMS
	#7	Vector DBMS

Score	1.67
Rank	#143	Overall
	#25	Document stores
	#25	Key-value stores
	#65	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.h2database.com

google.github.io/lovefield

github.com/objectbox
objectbox.io

www.tarantool.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.objectbox.io

www.tarantool.io/en/doc

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

Google

ObjectBox Limited

Initial release

1984

2005

2014

2017

2008

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

4.0 (May 2024)

2.10.0, May 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Bindings are released under Apache 2.0

Apache License 2.0

Open Source

BSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Android
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, plus "flex" map-like types

string, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

Full-featured ANSI SQL support

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

Proprietary native API

Open binary protocol

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

JavaScript

C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift

C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Lua, C and SQL stored procedures

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

Data sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline

Asynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Casual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition

when using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition

when using Raft

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

yes, cooperative multitasking

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

yes, write ahead logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Access Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles

More information provided by the system vendor

News

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29 May 2024

Vector search: making sense of search queries
29 May 2024

Python on-device Vector and Object Database for Local AI
28 May 2024

Evolution of search: traditional vs vector search
23 May 2024

On-device Vector Database for Dart/Flutter
21 May 2024

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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Recent citations in the news

ObjectBox Raises $2M in Funding
4 December 2018, FinSMEs

The Megashift Towards Decentralized Edge Computing
27 August 2021, hackernoon.com

provided by Google News

Tarantool Announces New Enterprise Version With Enhanced Scaling and Monitoring Capabilities
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16 December 2019, Хабр

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