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DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Pinecone vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Pinecone vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparisonYDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA managed, cloud-native vector databaseA distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeVector DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score3.16
Rank#95  Overall
#2  Vector DBMS
Score0.35
Rank#278  Overall
#43  Document stores
#127  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.pinecone.iogithub.com/­ydb-platform/­ydb
ydb.tech
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overviewydb.tech/­en/­docs
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerGooglePinecone Systems, IncYandex
Initial release19842005201120192019
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 20231.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0; commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoString, Number, Booleanyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesnonoSQL-like query language (YQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIRESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
PythonGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnono
Triggersyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneActive-passive shard replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2LevelDBPineconeYDB
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