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DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. LeanXcale vs. ObjectBox vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. LeanXcale vs. ObjectBox vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesLightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectorsFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.36
Rank#280  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
#129  Relational DBMS
Score1.29
Rank#166  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
#7  Vector DBMS
Score4.99
Rank#65  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.h2database.comwww.leanxcale.comgithub.com/­objectbox
objectbox.io
trino.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.objectbox.iotrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerLeanXcaleObjectBox LimitedTrino Software Foundation
Initial release19842005201520172012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 20234.0 (May 2024)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialBindings are released under Apache 2.0 infoApache License 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAndroid
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, plus "flex" map-like typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesdepending on connected data-source
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infothrough Apache Derbynoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Proprietary native APIJDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaC
Java
Scala
C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnoyes, depending on connected data-source
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonedepending on connected data-source
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseData sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offlinedepending on connected data-source
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencydepending on connected data-source
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDdepending on connected data-source
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesdepending on connected data-source
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesSQL standard access control
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2LeanXcaleObjectBoxTrino
Specific characteristicsTrino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
Typical application scenariosPerformant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
Key customersTrino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Market metrics33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTrino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
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