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DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. LMDB vs. ObjectBox vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. LMDB vs. ObjectBox vs. QuestDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryExtremely fast embedded database for small devices, IoT and MobileA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeObject oriented DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score1.29
Rank#166  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.h2database.comwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbobjectbox.ioquestdb.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.objectbox.ioquestdb.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerSymasObjectBox LimitedQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release19842005201120172014
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 20230.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open SourceOpen Source infoApache License 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC and C++Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
Unix
Windows
Android
iOS
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesnonoSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native APIHTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
C
C++
Dart
Go
Java
JavaScript infoplanned (as of Jan 2019)
Kotlin
Python infoplanned (as of Jan 2019)
Swift
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnonono
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonenonehorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneonline/offline synchronization between client and serverSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2LMDBObjectBoxQuestDB
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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