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DBMS > 4D vs. etcd vs. H2 vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. etcd vs. H2 vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed reliable key-value storeFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.45
Rank#262  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.cometcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.h2database.comwww.kingbase.com.cngithub.com/­google/­leveldb
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.cometcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.md
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.Google
Initial release1984200519992011
Current releasev20, April 20233.4, August 20192.2.220, July 2023V8.0, August 20211.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaC and JavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
All OS with a Java VMLinux
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesStandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Java.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functionsno
Triggersyesyes, watching key changesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionetcdH2KingbaseLevelDB
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