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DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. InfinityDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ObjectBox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. InfinityDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ObjectBox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonInfinityDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A Java embedded Key-Value Store which extends the Java Map interfaceFully managed big data interactive analytics platformLightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedObject oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#365  Overall
#55  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.29
Rank#166  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
#7  Vector DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.h2database.comboilerbay.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­objectbox
objectbox.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlboilerbay.com/­infinitydb/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.objectbox.io
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerBoiler Bay Inc.MicrosoftObjectBox Limited
Initial release19842005200220192017
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 20234.0cloud service with continuous releases4.0 (May 2024)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercialBindings are released under Apache 2.0 infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMhostedAndroid
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infonested virtual Java Maps, multi-value, logical ‘tuple space’ runtime Schema upgradeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoall Java primitives, Date, CLOB, BLOB, huge sparse arraysyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes, plus "flex" map-like types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesno infomanual creation possible, using inversions based on multi-value capabilityall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Access via java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigableMap Interface
Proprietary API to InfinityDB ItemSpace (boilerbay.com/­docs/­ItemSpaceDataStructures.htm)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaJava.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Data sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infoREAD-COMMITTED or SERIALIZEDEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesno infomanual creation possible, using inversions based on multi-value capabilitynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoOptimistic locking for transactions; no isolation for bulk loadsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2InfinityDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerObjectBox
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