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DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LevelDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LevelDB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.h2database.comhsqldb.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerGoogleApache Software Foundation
Initial release19842005200120112014
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 20231.23, February 20213.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++Scala
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQLnono
Triggersyesyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonenoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenonenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBLevelDBSpark SQL
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