DBMS > 4D vs. Graphite vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. YottaDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Graphite vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. YottaDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Data logging and graphing tool for time series data

The storage layer (fixed size database) is called Whisper

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A fast and solid embedded Key-value store

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

using the Octo plugin

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#73	Overall
	#5	Time Series DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.20
Rank	#317	Overall
	#47	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/graphite-project/graphite-web

www.h2database.com

github.com/google/leveldb

yottadb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

graphite.readthedocs.io

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

yottadb.com/resources/documentation

Developer

4D, Inc

Chris Davis

Thomas Mueller

Google

YottaDB, LLC

Initial release

1984

2006

2005

2011

2001

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

AGPL 3.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Python

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Docker
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

by using the Octo plugin

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

HTTP API
Sockets

JDBC
ODBC

PostgreSQL wire protocol

using the Octo plugin
Proprietary protocol

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
M
Perl
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

optimistic locking

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

locking

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users and groups based on OS-security mechanisms

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Time Series DBMS are the database category with the fastest increase in popularity
4 July 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

Time Series DBMS as a new trend?
1 June 2015, Paul Andlinger

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