DBMS > 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. TempoIQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Scalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.67
Rank	#232	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#34	Key-value stores

Score	0.33
Rank	#286	Overall
	#131	Relational DBMS

Score	3.05
Rank	#97	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#16	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.graphengine.io

google.github.io/lovefield

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

tempoiq.com (offline)

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Microsoft

Google

Oracle

TempoIQ

Initial release

1984

2010

2014

2011

2012

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

24.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

.NET and C

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

.NET

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Data scheme

yes

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

JavaScript

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

Realtime Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

simple authentication-based access control

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