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DBMS > 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.graphengine.iohsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release1984201020012016
Current releasev20, April 20232.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
.NETAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesJava, SQLTransact SQL
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningnoneSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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