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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TimescaleDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score4.06
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.timescale.com
Developer4D, IncGoogleMicrosoftTimescale
Initial release1984201720162017
Current releasev20, April 20232.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQLuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTimescaleDB
DB-Engines blog posts

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