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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. ObjectBox vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. ObjectBox vs. QuestDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceExtremely fast embedded database for small devices, IoT and MobileA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Object oriented DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score1.29
Rank#166  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbobjectbox.ioquestdb.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.objectbox.ioquestdb.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncGoogleMicrosoftObjectBox LimitedQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release19842017201420172014
Current releasev20, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache License 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedhostedAndroid
iOS
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query languagenoSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Proprietary native APIHTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C
C++
Dart
Go
Java
JavaScript infoplanned (as of Jan 2019)
Kotlin
Python infoplanned (as of Jan 2019)
Swift
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJavaScriptnono
TriggersyesnoJavaScriptnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonehorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceonline/offline synchronization between client and serverSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowwith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights can be defined down to the item levelyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBObjectBoxQuestDB
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBObjectBoxQuestDB
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