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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. Riak KV

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. Riak KV

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonRiak KV  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesDistributed, fault tolerant key-value store
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value store infowith links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score4.10
Rank#82  Overall
#9  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldb
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.tiot.jp/­riak-docs/­riak/­kv/­latest
Developer4D, IncGoogleGoogleOpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies
Initial release1984201720112009
Current releasev20, April 20231.23, February 20213.2.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache version 2, commercial enterprise edition
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Erlang
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnono
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnorestricted
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C infounofficial client library
C#
C++ infounofficial client library
Clojure infounofficial client library
Dart infounofficial client library
Erlang
Go infounofficial client library
Groovy infounofficial client library
Haskell infounofficial client library
Java
JavaScript infounofficial client library
Lisp infounofficial client library
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala infounofficial client library
Smalltalk infounofficial client library
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoErlang
Triggersyesnonoyes infopre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneselectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono infolinks between data sets can be stored
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noyes, using Riak Security

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerLevelDBRiak KV
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