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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. OpenTSDB vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. OpenTSDB vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonOpenTSDB  Xexclude from comparisonTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesScalable Time Series DBMS based on HBaseA concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeTime Series DBMSKey-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.68
Rank#146  Overall
#12  Time Series DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#60  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldbopentsdb.netdbmx.net/­tkrzw
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdopentsdb.net/­docs/­build/­html/­index.html
Developer4D, IncGoogleGooglecurrently maintained by Yahoo and other contributorsMikio Hirabayashi
Initial release19842017201120112020
Current releasev20, April 20231.23, February 20210.9.3, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoLGPLOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnonumeric data for metrics, strings for tagsno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nonono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Telnet API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Erlang
Go
Java
Python
R
Ruby
C++
Java
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnononono
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding infobased on HBasenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneselectable replication factor infobased on HBasenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infobased on HBaseImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infousing specific database classes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonono

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerLevelDBOpenTSDBTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet
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