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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hive vs. Trafodion vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hive vs. Trafodion vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMSHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score59.76
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score2.63
Rank#109  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannerhive.apache.orgtrafodion.apache.orgwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docscwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Hometrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.htmldocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
Developer4D, IncGoogleApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HPYugabyte Inc.
Initial release19842017201220142017
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.3, April 20222.3.0, February 20192.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageJavaC++, JavaC and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMLinuxLinux
OS X
Data schemeyesyesyesyesdepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
PHP
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.NetC
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava Stored Proceduresyes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersyesnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingShardingHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factoryes, via HBaseBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infovia user defined functions and HBaseno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerHiveTrafodionYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsYugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesPostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more
Typical application scenariosSystems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more
Market metrics2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerHiveTrafodionYugabyteDB
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