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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Widely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.harperdb.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
Developer4D, IncGoogleHarperDBOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release1984201720171994
Current releasev20, April 20233.1, August 202118.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree community edition availableOpen Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageNode.jsC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeyesyesdynamic schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON data typesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like data manipulation statementsyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1no
Triggersyesnonoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusternone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationAtomic execution of specific operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, using LMDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and rolesno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerHarperDBOracle Berkeley DB
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