DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Tibero vs. TimesTen vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Tibero vs. TimesTen vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

A secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.47
Rank	#76	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	1.78
Rank	#140	Overall
	#64	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#60	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

cloud.google.com/datastore

us.tmaxsoft.com/products/tibero

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

technet.tmaxsoft.com/upload/download/online/tibero/pver-20150504-000002/index.html

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

TmaxSoft

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

1984

2008

2003

1998

2020

Current release

v20, April 2023

6, April 2015

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Assembler

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

using Google App Engine

Persistent Stored Procedure (PSM)

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

by range, hash, list or composite

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using Paxos

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

planned for next version

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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