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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Linter vs. Teradata vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Linter vs. Teradata vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonLinter  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformRDBMS for high security requirementsA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score0.09
Rank#346  Overall
#152  Relational DBMS
Score45.33
Rank#21  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastorelinter.ruwww.teradata.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.teradata.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncGooglerelex.ruTeradataOpenLink Software
Initial release19842008199019841998
Current releasev20, April 2023Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAIX
Android
BSD
HP Open VMS
iOS
Linux
OS X
VxWorks
Windows
hosted
Linux
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (GQL)yesyes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
LINQ
ODBC
OLE DB
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Ruby
Tcl
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App Engineyes infoproprietary syntax with the possibility to convert from PL/SQLyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding infoHashingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud DatastoreLinterTeradataVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud DatastoreLinterTeradataVirtuoso
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