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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Greenplum vs. Stardog vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Greenplum vs. Stardog vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformAnalytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score8.37
Rank#48  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastoregreenplum.orgwww.stardog.comtrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.greenplum.orgdocs.stardog.comtrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
Developer4D, IncGooglePivotal Software Inc.Stardog-UnionApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release19842008200520102014
Current releasev20, April 20237.0.0, September 20237.3.0, May 20202.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++, Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infosince Version 4.2no infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (GQL)yesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App Engineyesuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in JavaJava Stored Procedures
TriggersyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Clusteryes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesnoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud DatastoreGreenplumStardogTrafodion
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