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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. STSdb vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. STSdb vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.04
Rank#360  Overall
#52  Key-value stores
Score1.83
Rank#139  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4www.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncGoogleMicrosoftSTS Soft SC
Initial release19842015201920112017
Current releasev20, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases4.0.8, September 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC#C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedhostedWindowsLinux
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client APIGSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory AuthenticationnoRole-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSTSdbTigerGraph
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